Saudi Arabia Is Winning Portfolio Capital and Losing Direct Investment
Foreigners put $76.1bn into Saudi securities in 2025 against $32.6bn of direct investment — and in the first quarter of 2026 the ratio reached 4.8 to one. Portfolio money is rented; a factory is not. Two capital accounts, two different countries.
Saudi Arabia's Debt Is Rising Faster Than Anyone Forecast
Saudi Arabia's central government debt reached SAR1,667bn by March 2026, up SAR148bn in one quarter. The NDMC's own borrowing plan, the maturity wall it discloses and the deficit run-rate together describe a debt-to-GDP path that no published forecast has drawn.
How to Invest in Saudi Bonds
Practical guide to investing in Saudi bonds and sukuk, covering sovereign issuance, corporate debt, the domestic sukuk market, international bond access, and key considerations for fixed-income investors.
Saudi Arabia Credit Rating
Overview of Saudi Arabia's sovereign credit ratings from Moody's (Aa3), Fitch (A+), and S&P (A+), all with stable outlooks, and what drives the ratings.
Saudi Arabia Sovereign Debt
Analysis of Saudi Arabia's sovereign debt profile, debt-to-GDP ratio of ~33%, sukuk market leadership, and fiscal strategy for managing government borrowing.
Sovereign Credit Ratings — Progress Tracker
Track Saudi Arabia's sovereign credit ratings across Moody's (Aa3), Fitch (A+), and S&P (A+/A-1), reflecting fiscal strength and reform progress.