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Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $925B 2025 approx. |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% 2025 latest |Female Participation: 35.0% 2025 latest |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $925B 2025 approx. |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% 2025 latest |Female Participation: 35.0% 2025 latest |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |

Riyadh

Riyadh Climate Adaptation Is Now a Saudi Green Initiative KPI, Not a Side Project

Riyadh’s urban cooling push turns the Saudi Green Initiative into a measurable test of heat resilience, shade, water and public-health outcomes.

Updated May 31, 2026

Riyadh’s 15°C Cooling Plan Is Vision 2030’s First Urban Heat Trial by Fire

Saudi Arabia’s reported Riyadh cooling plan turns urban heat into a Vision 2030 delivery test for livability, climate adaptation, Expo 2030 and Quality of Life.

Updated May 31, 2026

KAFD finance-hub risk brief: tenants, PIF ownership, and Riyadh status signals

KAFD finance-hub risk brief on tenant evidence, PIF ownership, metro access, Riyadh status signals, and commercial risks.

Updated May 26, 2026

New Murabba and The Mukaab: downtown Riyadh cost, design, timeline, and risk

New Murabba is PIF's planned downtown Riyadh district around The Mukaab. This brief separates official scale, cost claims, timeline, and delivery risk.

Updated May 26, 2026

Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah City Guide

How Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah fit Vision 2030, tourism, pilgrimage, hotels, transport, and city growth.

Updated May 26, 2026

Saudi cities and regions directory: Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, Madinah, Dammam, Taif, and Jubail

Strategic guide to Saudi cities and regions, from Riyadh and Jeddah to Makkah, Madinah, Dammam, Taif, Jubail, Hail, and Najran.

Updated May 26, 2026

Saudi Hotel Demand Brief: Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, Pilgrimage, Events, And Vision 2030

Investor brief on Riyadh, Jeddah, and Makkah hotel demand across pilgrimage, events, licensed supply, and Vision 2030 tourism economics.

Updated May 26, 2026

Saudi smart cities list: NEOM, The Line, Riyadh, Qiddiya, Red Sea, and the Agenda 2030 comparison

Saudi smart cities list covering NEOM, The Line, Riyadh, Qiddiya, Red Sea, and Agenda 2030 evidence.

Updated May 26, 2026

Expo 2030 Riyadh — Saudi Arabia's World Expo Under the Theme 'The Era of Change: Together for a Foresighted Tomorrow'

Expo 2030 Riyadh is the Bureau International des Expositions–sanctioned World Expo Saudi Arabia is hosting from 1 October 2030 to 31 March 2031, awarded by BIE vote on 28 November 2023 over Rome and Busan, on a 6 million square metre site near King Salman International Airport with 226+ pavilions, 197 participating countries, 29 international organisations, and a 40-42 million visitor target.

Updated Apr 27, 2026

RCRC — Royal Commission for Riyadh City

RCRC is Saudi Arabia's Royal Commission for Riyadh City — the MBS-chaired interagency authority responsible for the comprehensive development of Riyadh, operating the Riyadh Metro, the Riyadh Quartet livability programmes (King Salman Park, Sports Boulevard, Green Riyadh, Riyadh Art), the SAR 8B+ Main and Ring Road Axes Programme, and the RHQ Programme.

Updated Apr 27, 2026

The Mukaab: Saudi Arabia's $50 Billion Cube That Built Nothing

A 400-metre cube that could fit 20 Empire State Buildings. A $50 billion budget. $100 million in contracts actually awarded. Construction suspended in January 2026. Completion pushed from 2030 to 2040. The full audit of Saudi Arabia's most ambitious vanity project.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

The Riyadh Mandate Revisited: What Happened to the 500 Companies That Moved

700 RHQ licences issued. Only 350 operational. Companies splitting regions to keep Dubai. A 25% enforcement exemption quietly introduced. Rents up 31%. A rent freeze ordered by the Crown Prince. The two-year follow-up on Saudi Arabia's headquarters mandate.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

The Riyadh Mandate: How Saudi Arabia Forced 500 Multinationals to Move Their Headquarters

Saudi Arabia told the world's largest companies: move your regional headquarters to Riyadh or lose government contracts. Over 500 multinationals complied. The mandate is reshaping Gulf power dynamics and turning Riyadh into a global business capital.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

New Murabba

A 19-square-kilometre mixed-use megaproject in northwestern Riyadh developed by PIF, anchored by The Mukaab landmark cube structure. Updated for 2026.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

The Mukaab

A 400-metre cube-shaped structure planned as the centrepiece of the New Murabba development in Riyadh, designed to be the world's largest building by volume.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

The Mukaab: Inside Saudi Arabia's $50 Billion Cube and Why It Was Suspended

The definitive analysis of The Mukaab — the 400-metre cube at the centre of Saudi Arabia's New Murabba megaproject. Why construction was suspended, what it signals for Vision 2030, and what comes next for the world's most ambitious building.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Doing Business in Riyadh: Regional Investment Guide

Comprehensive guide to doing business in Riyadh covering the regional economy, key sectors, infrastructure, incentives, and how to establish business operations in the Saudi capital.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Investing in Riyadh Region

Regional investment guide to Riyadh covering giga-projects, financial district, industrial development, and Vision 2030 growth.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

King Khalid International Airport Riyadh (RUH)

Profile of King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh covering terminals, passenger volumes, expansion plans, and role as Saudi Arabia's capital hub.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

King Salman Park

A detailed overview of King Salman Park in Riyadh, one of the world's largest urban parks, covering its design vision, features, environmental significance, and contribution to Vision 2030's quality-of-life and urban-transformation objectives.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Riyadh

The capital city of Saudi Arabia and the political, financial, and commercial centre of the Kingdom, with ambitious plans to become a top-10 global city by 2030.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Three Saudi Cities in Global Top 100 — Progress Tracker

Track Saudi Arabia's ambition to place three cities among the world's top 100 liveable cities by 2030, with Riyadh leading progress.

Updated Apr 18, 2026