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Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |

Oil-Prices

OPEC+ Raised August Output by 188,000 Barrels. Several Outlets Reported a Cut.

OPEC+ agreed a 188,000 bpd production increase for August 2026 at its 5 July virtual meeting, the fifth consecutive monthly rise. Several outlets reported it as a cut. This is the correction, the quota-versus-actual gap that makes the increase largely paper barrels, and how to reconcile the conflicting output series.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

The UAE Left OPEC After 59 Years. Saudi Arabia Lost Its Swing-Producer Leverage.

The UAE ended 59 years of OPEC membership on 1 May 2026 — the largest producer ever to leave. Its June output hit a record 4.1m bpd outside the quota system, while Saudi Arabia holds an allocation it cannot fill. What the exit does to Riyadh's swing-producer leverage, and how to read the contested output numbers.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

The $113 Paradox: Saudi Arabia Needs Record Oil Prices to Fund the Plan to Not Need Oil

Saudi Arabia needs $96/barrel to balance its budget and $113 to fund Vision 2030. Analysis of the fiscal arithmetic that doesn't add up.

Updated Apr 18, 2026