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Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |

Oil-Exports

Saudi Arabia’s H1 Trade Surplus Rose 53% — While National Non-Oil Exports Fell

Saudi Arabia’s H1 2026 surplus reached SAR154.7 billion. Oil supplied the export gain, re-exports rose and domestically produced non-oil goods exports fell 8.8%.

Updated Sep 1, 2026

Aramco Cut Its August Oil Price to Asia by $11 — the Biggest Cut Since 2003

Aramco set its August 2026 Arab Light OSP to Asia at $1.50 below the Oman/Dubai average, an $11 cut from July's $9.50 premium and the largest single-month move in Reuters records back to 2003. What an official selling price is, how Arab Light is benchmarked, and whether the cut signals a price war.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

How Saudi Arabia Moves Oil Without the Strait of Hormuz: The Petroline East-West Pipeline

The Petroline — Saudi Arabia's east-west crude pipeline — carries up to 7 million barrels a day from Abqaiq to Yanbu on the Red Sea. Built in 1981 as an Iran-war hedge, it is the Kingdom's only Hormuz bypass. This is what it can and cannot do, and why the arithmetic constrains policy.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Yanbu Is Now a Single Point of Failure for Saudi Oil Exports

Yanbu handled 92% of Saudi Arabia's seaborne crude exports in June 2026 after the Strait of Hormuz closed. On 25 July the terminal complex was attacked, and the Bab al-Mandeb route beyond it was already shut. This is what the Kingdom's export chain now looks like.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Asian Energy Markets: China, Japan, Korea, and India Dependency Dynamics

Saudi Arabia's energy export dependency on Asian markets, market share competition, downstream integration, and demand trajectory.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi Arabia Oil Exports

Analysis of Saudi Arabia's oil export profile, covering export volumes, key markets, pricing mechanisms, Aramco's role, refining capacity, and the strategic management of the Kingdom's primary revenue source within the Vision 2030 context.

Updated May 6, 2026