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Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $925B 2025 approx. |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% 2025 latest |Female Participation: 35.0% 2025 latest |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $925B 2025 approx. |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% 2025 latest |Female Participation: 35.0% 2025 latest |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |

Energy Policy

Oil and Gas

Saudi Arabia's dominant sector, Aramco-led, production and diversification under Vision 2030.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

OPEC and Saudi Arabia's Strategic Role in Global Oil Markets

Comprehensive guide to OPEC, Saudi Arabia's leadership role, production quotas, the OPEC+ alliance, and the Kingdom's pricing power in global energy markets.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi Arabia OPEC Quota

Analysis of Saudi Arabia's role within OPEC and OPEC+, covering production quotas, spare capacity management, market stabilisation strategy, and the fiscal and geopolitical dimensions of the Kingdom's oil production policy.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi-US Relations: Recalibrating the Strategic Partnership

Analysis of the Saudi-US strategic partnership — defence cooperation, energy tensions, OPEC dynamics, and the evolving security compact.

Updated Apr 18, 2026