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Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |Non-Oil GDP Share: 55% 2025 real GDP |Saudi Unemployment: 7.2% Q4 2025 |PIF AUM: $1.21T 2025 actual |FDI Share of GDP: 2.8% Q1 2026 |Female Participation: 33.9% Q1 2026 |Credit Rating: Aa3/A+/A+ Moody's/Fitch/S&P |GDP Growth: 4.5% 2025 actual |Umrah Pilgrims: 18M+ 2025 foreign |

Fiscal-Policy

Aramco Cut Its August Oil Price to Asia by $11 — the Biggest Cut Since 2003

Aramco set its August 2026 Arab Light OSP to Asia at $1.50 below the Oman/Dubai average, an $11 cut from July's $9.50 premium and the largest single-month move in Reuters records back to 2003. What an official selling price is, how Arab Light is benchmarked, and whether the cut signals a price war.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Aramco Is Selling the Company to Pay the Dividend

Saudi Aramco has monetised $38.9bn of midstream infrastructure since 2021, with up to $46.5bn more reported in preparation. Set against $87.6bn of guided 2026 dividends, the whole programme is worth less than one year of the payout.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

NEOM Has Budgeted $16 Billion Just to Cancel Contracts

NEOM's 2026-2030 budget sets aside SAR60bn ($16bn) to pay contractors to walk away — more than a third of Saudi Arabia's projected 2026 deficit, and half again what it plans to spend building. The contractor-by-contractor ledger of what termination for convenience actually pays.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

PIF Reported a 152% Profit Rise. The Same Accounts Show a SAR64.7bn Comprehensive Loss.

PIF's 2025 results produced two true numbers that point in opposite directions: net profit up 152% to SAR65.2bn, and total comprehensive income attributable to the owner of minus SAR64.7bn. The gap is an IFRS 9 accounting boundary, and almost no coverage mentioned it.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Saudi Arabia Is Selling Less Oil for More Money. It Is Still Short.

Saudi oil revenue rose 22% year on year in the second quarter of 2026 while crude output fell to 6.70 million barrels a day and oil GDP contracted 24.7%. A quarter-by-quarter decomposition of price, volume and the official selling price differential — and why the offset stops working.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Saudi Arabia's Debt Is Rising Faster Than Anyone Forecast

Saudi Arabia's central government debt reached SAR1,667bn by March 2026, up SAR148bn in one quarter. The NDMC's own borrowing plan, the maturity wall it discloses and the deficit run-rate together describe a debt-to-GDP path that no published forecast has drawn.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

The Riyal Peg Just Had Its Hardest Year. It Held.

The riyal has traded at 3.75 to the dollar since June 1986. Through a regional war, two closures of the Strait of Hormuz and a 4.8% GDP contraction, one-year forwards on 30 July 2026 priced 80 points — a fraction of the 2016 stress. This is what the market, the reserves and the arithmetic actually say.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Three Institutions Forecast Saudi Growth in 2026. They Disagree by 2.5 Percentage Points.

Fitch says Saudi Arabia grows 0.6 percent in 2026. The World Bank says 3.1 percent. The IMF sits between at 1.7 percent. Set beside the oil-price and oil-output assumptions each used, the disagreement becomes an argument about how many barrels Saudi Arabia pumps in the second half.

Updated Jul 31, 2026

Will Saudi Vision 2030 Succeed?

A balanced institutional assessment of Saudi Vision 2030 success, failure risks, criticism, progress, and the final delivery phase.

Updated May 23, 2026

Fiscal Sustainability: Diversifying Government Revenue Beyond Oil

Saudi Arabia's fiscal sustainability priority under Vision 2030 targets a dramatic reduction in oil dependence, growing non-oil revenue from SAR 163 billion toward SAR 1 trillion. With VAT implementation, spending reforms, and stable investment-grade ratings, the Kingdom is restructuring its public finances for a post-hydrocarbon era.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Gap Alert: Non-Oil GDP Contribution Target

Tracking Saudi Arabia's non-oil GDP progress from 58% toward the 65% Vision 2030 target with risk assessment.

Updated May 6, 2026

Gap Alert: Non-Oil Government Revenue Target

Tracking Saudi non-oil revenue from SAR 163 billion toward the SAR 1 trillion Vision 2030 target.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Non-Oil Government Revenue — Progress Tracker

Track Saudi Arabia's non-oil government revenue growth from SAR 163 billion toward the SAR 1 trillion Vision 2030 target.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Oil Price Impact on the Saudi Economy

Analysis of how oil prices affect Saudi Arabia's economy, covering fiscal breakeven price, revenue dependency, budget dynamics, and Vision 2030 diversification efforts.

Updated May 6, 2026

Priority Scorecard: Fiscal Sustainability

Scorecard tracking Saudi Vision 2030 fiscal sustainability including non-oil revenue diversification, budget discipline, and debt management.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi Arabia Credit Rating

Overview of Saudi Arabia's sovereign credit ratings from Moody's (Aa3), Fitch (A+), and S&P (A+), all with stable outlooks, and what drives the ratings.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi Arabia National Budget

Overview of Saudi Arabia's annual national budget, spending priorities, revenue sources, deficit management, and Vision 2030 fiscal allocation strategy.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Saudi Fiscal Sustainability Under Stress

Analysis of Saudi Arabia's fiscal position — oil price dependency, rising breakeven prices, debt trajectory, and Vision 2030 spending sustainability.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

Sovereign Credit Ratings — Progress Tracker

Track Saudi Arabia's sovereign credit ratings across Moody's (Aa3), Fitch (A+), and S&P (A+/A-1), reflecting fiscal strength and reform progress.

Updated Apr 18, 2026

The Oil Dependency Paradox: Funding Diversification with Oil

Saudi Arabia's fundamental paradox — using oil wealth to fund the transition away from oil dependency and the structural risks for Vision 2030.

Updated Apr 18, 2026